THE POLITICS OF PAKISTAN: HISTORICAL LEGACIES, CONTEMPORARY CHALLENGES, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS
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Abstract
Pakistan's political development has been shaped by historical legacies, constitutional evolution, civil-military relations, democratic transitions, and changing regional and global dynamics. Since its independence in 1947, the country has experienced alternating periods of democratic governance and military rule, significantly influencing state institutions, political stability, and socio-economic development. The historical foundations of Pakistan's political system, analyzes contemporary challenges including political polarization, governance deficits, judicial activism, economic instability, electoral reforms, and federal-provincial relations, and evaluates their implications for democratic consolidation. The study employs a qualitative research approach based on secondary data collected from scholarly books, journal articles, government reports, and policy documents. The findings suggest that sustainable democratic governance requires strengthening constitutional institutions, promoting the rule of law, ensuring transparent elections, enhancing political accountability, and fostering inclusive economic and social policies. The paper concludes that Pakistan's future political stability depends on institutional reforms, effective governance, civil-military balance, and greater public participation in democratic processes. Addressing these challenges is essential for achieving long-term political stability, national cohesion, and sustainable development.
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References
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