AYUBIA NATIONAL PARK: EVALUATING SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS ON LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Abstract

Ayubia National Park (ANP) serves as a critical area for biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism in Pakistan. This research examines the socio-economic impacts of ANP on local communities and its contribution to sustainable tourism development. Data was collected through surveys, interviews, and field observations from 300 local residents. Results show that tourism in ANP has significantly improved local livelihoods by creating employment opportunities, enhancing education levels, and uplifting living standards. Most respondents (92.8%) believe tourism has enhanced the community's image, and 88.4% credit it for increasing education levels. The study also highlights challenges, including waste generation, wildlife conflicts, and restricted access to park resources. Approximately 70.8% of respondents face crop and livestock losses due to wildlife, such as leopards and monkeys. Despite these challenges, 77.2% of locals benefit directly from tourism, mainly through businesses and agriculture, though most remain in low-income brackets. While 68% of respondents indicated involvement in decision-making, concerns about the fair distribution of benefits persist. The study concludes that ANP significantly contributes to the local economy and social cohesion. However, sustainable tourism practices, such as waste management, wildlife conflict mitigation, and greater community participation, are necessary to balance conservation goals with local livelihoods. Recommendations include inclusive management, enhanced infrastructure, and compensation for wildlife-related losses.